OpenStack Yoga版三节点集群完整安装指南

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OpenStack Yoga版三节点集群完整安装指南

概述

本指南将详细介绍如何在三个节点上部署OpenStack Yoga版本的云平台。该架构包含一个控制节点、一个计算节点和一个存储节点，适用于中小规模的私有云部署。

架构设计

节点规划

节点类型	主机名	IP地址	主要服务
控制节点	controller	192.168.1.10	Keystone, Glance, Placement, Nova-API, Neutron-Server, Horizon, MySQL, RabbitMQ
计算节点	compute1	192.168.1.11	Nova-Compute, Neutron-Agent, Libvirt, KVM
存储节点	storage1	192.168.1.12	Cinder, Swift, NFS/Ceph后端

网络规划

管理网络: 192.168.1.0/24 (用于内部通信)
外部网络: 10.0.0.0/24 (用于浮动IP和外部访问)
实例网络: 172.16.1.0/24 (虚拟机租户网络)
存储网络: 172.17.1.0/24 (Cinder/Swift后端存储)

环境准备

系统要求

Ubuntu 20.04 LTS 或 CentOS 8 Stream
控制节点: 8核CPU, 32GB内存, 200GB硬盘
计算节点: 8核CPU, 32GB内存, 500GB硬盘
存储节点: 4核CPU, 16GB内存, 1TB+硬盘

基础环境配置

在每个节点上执行以下基础配置:

# 1. 更新系统
sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y

# 2. 设置主机名
sudo hostnamectl set-hostname controller  # 在对应节点上替换为compute1或storage1

# 3. 配置hosts文件
sudo tee -a /etc/hosts << EOF
192.168.1.10 controller
192.168.1.11 compute1
192.168.1.12 storage1
EOF

# 4. 安装必要软件
sudo apt install chrony vim wget curl net-tools -y

# 5. 配置时间同步
sudo sed -i 's/^pool/#&/' /etc/chrony/chronyd.conf
sudo sed -i '/^server/i server 192.168.1.1 iburst' /etc/chrony/chronyd.conf
sudo systemctl enable chronyd.service
sudo systemctl start chronyd.service

控制节点安装配置

1. 数据库安装配置

# 安装MariaDB
sudo apt install mariadb-server python3-pymysql -y

# 配置MariaDB
sudo tee /etc/mysql/mariadb.conf.d/99-openstack.cnf << EOF
[mysqld]
bind-address = 192.168.1.10
default-storage-engine = innodb
innodb_file_per_table = on
max_connections = 4096
collation-server = utf8_general_ci
character-set-server = utf8
EOF

sudo systemctl enable mysql.service
sudo systemctl start mysql.service

# 安全初始化
mysql_secure_installation

2. 消息队列安装配置

# 安装RabbitMQ
sudo apt install rabbitmq-server -y

# 添加OpenStack用户
sudo rabbitmqctl add_user openstack RABBIT_PASS
sudo rabbitmqctl set_permissions openstack ".*" ".*" ".*"

sudo systemctl enable rabbitmq-server.service
sudo systemctl start rabbitmq-server.service

3. Memcached安装配置

# 安装Memcached
sudo apt install memcached python3-memcache -y

# 配置Memcached
sudo sed -i 's/-l 127.0.0.1/-l 192.168.1.10/g' /etc/memcached.conf

sudo systemctl enable memcached.service
sudo systemctl start memcached.service

4. Keystone身份认证服务安装

# 创建数据库
mysql -u root -p<< EOF
CREATE DATABASE keystone;
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON keystone.* TO 'keystone'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'KEYSTONE_DBPASS';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON keystone.* TO 'keystone'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'KEYSTONE_DBPASS';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
EXIT;
EOF

# 安装Keystone
sudo apt install apache2 libapache2-mod-wsgi-py3 python3-openstackclient python3-keystone -y

# 配置Keystone
sudo cp /etc/keystone/keystone.conf /etc/keystone/keystone.conf.bak
sudo tee /etc/keystone/keystone.conf << EOF
[database]
connection = mysql+pymysql://keystone:KEYSTONE_DBPASS@controller/keystone

[token]
provider = fernet
EOF

# 同步数据库
sudo su -s /bin/sh -c "keystone-manage db_sync" keystone

# 初始化Fernet密钥
keystone-manage fernet_setup --keystone-user keystone --keystone-group keystone
keystone-manage credential_setup --keystone-user keystone --keystone-group keystone

# 引导身份服务
keystone-manage bootstrap --bootstrap-password ADMIN_PASS \
  --bootstrap-admin-url http://controller:5000/v3/ \
  --bootstrap-internal-url http://controller:5000/v3/ \
  --bootstrap-public-url http://controller:5000/v3/ \
  --bootstrap-region-id RegionOne

# 配置Apache
echo "ServerName controller" | sudo tee -a /etc/apache2/apache2.conf

# 重启Apache服务
sudo systemctl reload apache2.service

# 配置环境变量
export OS_USERNAME=admin
export OS_PASSWORD=ADMIN_PASS
export OS_PROJECT_NAME=admin
export OS_USER_DOMAIN_NAME=Default
export OS_PROJECT_DOMAIN_NAME=Default
export OS_AUTH_URL=http://controller:5000/v3
export OS_IDENTITY_API_VERSION=3

5. Glance镜像服务安装

# 创建数据库和用户
mysql -u root -p<< EOF
CREATE DATABASE glance;
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON glance.* TO 'glance'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'GLANCE_DBPASS';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON glance.* TO 'glance'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'GLANCE_DBPASS';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
EXIT;
EOF

# 创建Glance用户和服务
openstack user create --domain default --password-prompt glance
openstack service create --name glance --description "OpenStack Image" image
openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne image public http://controller:9292
openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne image internal http://controller:9292
openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne image admin http://controller:9292

# 安装Glance
sudo apt install glance -y

# 配置Glance
sudo tee /etc/glance/glance-api.conf << EOF
[database]
connection = mysql+pymysql://glance:GLANCE_DBPASS@controller/glance

[keystone_authtoken]
www_authenticate_uri = http://controller:5000
auth_url = http://controller:5000
memcached_servers = controller:11211
auth_type = password
project_domain_name = Default
user_domain_name = Default
project_name = service
username = glance
password = GLANCE_PASS

[paste_deploy]
flavor = keystone

[glance_store]
stores = file,http
default_store = file
filesystem_store_datadir = /var/lib/glance/images/
EOF

# 同步数据库
sudo su -s /bin/sh -c "glance-manage db_sync" glance

# 重启服务
sudo systemctl enable glance-api.service
sudo systemctl start glance-api.service

6. Placement服务安装

# 创建数据库和用户
mysql -u root -p<< EOF
CREATE DATABASE placement;
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON placement.* TO 'placement'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'PLACEMENT_DBPASS';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON placement.* TO 'placement'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'PLACEMENT_DBPASS';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
EXIT;
EOF

# 创建Placement用户
openstack user create --domain default --password-prompt placement
openstack service create --name placement --description "Placement API" placement
openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne placement public http://controller:8778
openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne placement internal http://controller:8778
openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne placement admin http://controller:8778

# 安装Placement
sudo apt install placement-api -y

# 配置Placement
sudo tee /etc/placement/placement.conf << EOF
[placement_database]
connection = mysql+pymysql://placement:PLACEMENT_DBPASS@controller/placement

[api]
auth_strategy = keystone

[keystone_authtoken]
service_token_roles_required = true
auth_url = http://controller:5000
memcached_servers = controller:11211
auth_type = password
project_domain_name = Default
user_domain_name = Default
project_name = service
username = placement
password = PLACEMENT_PASS
EOF

# 同步数据库
sudo su -s /bin/sh -c "placement-manage db sync" placement

# 重启Apache
sudo systemctl restart apache2

计算节点安装配置

1. 安装Nova计算服务

# 在计算节点上安装Nova
sudo apt install nova-compute -y

# 验证硬件支持
grep -c vmx /proc/cpuinfo  # 应该返回大于0的值

# 配置Nova
sudo tee /etc/nova/nova.conf << EOF
[DEFAULT]
transport_url = rabbit://openstack:RABBIT_PASS@controller
my_ip = 192.168.1.11
use_neutron = true
firewall_driver = nova.virt.firewall.NoopFirewallDriver

[api_database]
connection = mysql+pymysql://nova:NOVA_DBPASS@controller/nova_api

[database]
connection = mysql+pymysql://nova:NOVA_DBPASS@controller/nova

[api]
auth_strategy = keystone

[keystone_authtoken]
www_authenticate_uri = http://controller:5000
auth_url = http://controller:5000
memcached_servers = controller:11211
auth_type = password
project_domain_name = Default
user_domain_name = Default
project_name = service
username = nova
password = NOVA_PASS

[vnc]
enabled = true
server_listen = 0.0.0.0
server_proxyclient_address = $my_ip
novncproxy_base_url = http://controller:6080/vnc_auto.html

[glance]
api_servers = http://controller:9292

[oslo_concurrency]
lock_path = /var/lib/nova/tmp

[placement]
region_name = RegionOne
project_domain_name = Default
project_name = service
auth_type = password
user_domain_name = Default
auth_url = http://controller:5000/v3
username = placement
password = PLACEMENT_PASS

[neutron]
auth_url = http://controller:5000
auth_type = password
project_domain_name = default
user_domain_name = default
region_name = RegionOne
project_name = service
username = neutron
password = NEUTRON_PASS
service_metadata_proxy = true
metadata_proxy_shared_secret = METADATA_SECRET
EOF

# 如果你的计算节点支持硬件虚拟化，启用它
sudo sed -i 's/#compute_driver = libvirt.LibvirtDriver/compute_driver = libvirt.LibvirtDriver/' /etc/nova/nova-compute.conf
echo "virt_type = kvm" | sudo tee -a /etc/nova/nova-compute.conf

# 同步数据库
sudo su -s /bin/sh -c "nova-manage api_db sync" nova
sudo su -s /bin/sh -c "nova-manage cell_v2 map_cell0" nova
sudo su -s /bin/sh -c "nova-manage cell_v2 create_cell --name=cell1 --verbose" nova
sudo su -s /bin/sh -c "nova-manage db sync" nova

# 启动服务
sudo systemctl enable nova-compute.service
sudo systemctl start nova-compute.service

2. 安装Neutron网络服务

# 在计算节点上安装Neutron代理
sudo apt install neutron-openvswitch-agent -y

# 配置Neutron
sudo tee /etc/neutron/neutron.conf << EOF
[DEFAULT]
transport_url = rabbit://openstack:RABBIT_PASS@controller
auth_strategy = keystone
core_plugin = ml2
service_plugins = router
allow_overlapping_ips = true

[keystone_authtoken]
www_authenticate_uri = http://controller:5000
auth_url = http://controller:5000
memcached_servers = controller:11211
auth_type = password
project_domain_name = Default
user_domain_name = Default
project_name = service
username = neutron
password = NEUTRON_PASS

[oslo_concurrency]
lock_path = /var/lib/neutron/tmp
EOF

# 配置ML2插件
sudo tee /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/openvswitch_agent.ini << EOF
[ovs]
local_ip = 192.168.1.11
bridge_mappings = provider:br-ex

[securitygroup]
enable_security_group = true
firewall_driver = openvswitch
EOF

# 启动服务
sudo systemctl enable neutron-openvswitch-agent.service
sudo systemctl start neutron-openvswitch-agent.service

存储节点安装配置

1. 安装Cinder块存储服务

# 在存储节点上创建物理卷和卷组
# 假设你有一个额外的磁盘 /dev/sdb 用于存储
sudo pvcreate /dev/sdb
sudo vgcreate cinder-volumes /dev/sdb

# 安装Cinder-volume
sudo apt install cinder-volume -y

# 配置Cinder
sudo tee /etc/cinder/cinder.conf << EOF
[DEFAULT]
transport_url = rabbit://openstack:RABBIT_PASS@controller
auth_strategy = keystone
my_ip = 192.168.1.12
enabled_backends = lvm
glance_api_interface = internal

[database]
connection = mysql+pymysql://cinder:CINDER_DBPASS@controller/cinder

[keystone_authtoken]
www_authenticate_uri = http://controller:5000
auth_url = http://controller:5000
memcached_servers = controller:11211
auth_type = password
project_domain_name = Default
user_domain_name = Default
project_name = service
username = cinder
password = CINDER_PASS

[lvm]
volume_driver = cinder.volume.drivers.lvm.LVMVolumeDriver
volume_group = cinder-volumes
target_protocol = iscsi
target_helper = tgtadm
EOF

# 启动服务
sudo systemctl enable tgt.service
sudo systemctl start tgt.service
sudo systemctl enable cinder-volume.service
sudo systemctl start cinder-volume.service

网络配置

1. 控制节点网络配置

# 安装Neutron服务组件
sudo apt install neutron-server neutron-plugin-ml2 neutron-openvswitch-agent neutron-l3-agent neutron-dhcp-agent neutron-metadata-agent -y

# 配置Neutron服务器
sudo tee /etc/neutron/neutron.conf << EOF
[DEFAULT]
core_plugin = ml2
service_plugins = router
transport_url = rabbit://openstack:RABBIT_PASS@controller
auth_strategy = keystone
notify_nova_on_port_status_changes = true
notify_nova_on_port_data_changes = true

[database]
connection = mysql+pymysql://neutron:NEUTRON_DBPASS@controller/neutron

[keystone_authtoken]
www_authenticate_uri = http://controller:5000
auth_url = http://controller:5000
memcached_servers = controller:11211
auth_type = password
project_domain_name = Default
user_domain_name = Default
project_name = service
username = neutron
password = NEUTRON_PASS

[nova]
auth_url = http://controller:5000
auth_type = password
project_domain_name = Default
user_domain_name = Default
region_name = RegionOne
project_name = service
username = nova
password = NOVA_PASS

[oslo_concurrency]
lock_path = /var/lib/neutron/tmp
EOF

# 配置ML2插件
sudo tee /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini << EOF
[ml2]
type_drivers = flat,vlan,vxlan
tenant_network_types = vxlan
mechanism_drivers = openvswitch,l2population
extension_drivers = port_security

[ml2_type_flat]
flat_networks = provider

[ml2_type_vlan]
network_vlan_ranges = provider

[ml2_type_vxlan]
vni_ranges = 1:1000

[securitygroup]
enable_ipset = true
EOF

# 配置Open vSwitch代理
sudo tee /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/openvswitch_agent.ini << EOF
[ovs]
local_ip = 192.168.1.10
bridge_mappings = provider:br-ex

[agent]
tunnel_types = vxlan
l2_population = true

[securitygroup]
enable_security_group = true
firewall_driver = openvswitch
EOF

# 配置L3代理
sudo tee /etc/neutron/l3_agent.ini << EOF
[DEFAULT]
interface_driver = openvswitch
external_network_bridge =
EOF

# 配置DHCP代理
sudo tee /etc/neutron/dhcp_agent.ini << EOF
[DEFAULT]
interface_driver = openvswitch
dhcp_driver = neutron.agent.linux.dhcp.Dnsmasq
enable_isolated_metadata = true
EOF

# 配置元数据代理
sudo tee /etc/neutron/metadata_agent.ini << EOF
[DEFAULT]
nova_metadata_host = controller
metadata_proxy_shared_secret = METADATA_SECRET
EOF

# 创建外部网络桥接
sudo ovs-vsctl add-br br-ex
sudo ovs-vsctl add-port br-ex enp0s8  # 替换为你的外部网络接口
sudo ip addr flush dev enp0s8  # 替换为你的外部网络接口
sudo ip addr add 10.0.0.1/24 dev br-ex
sudo ip link set br-ex up
sudo ip route add default via 10.0.0.1

# 启动服务
sudo systemctl enable neutron-server.service neutron-openvswitch-agent.service neutron-dhcp-agent.service neutron-metadata-agent.service
sudo systemctl start neutron-server.service neutron-openvswitch-agent.service neutron-dhcp-agent.service neutron-metadata-agent.service

# 配置防火墙规则
sudo iptables -I FORWARD -d 172.16.1.0/24 -j ACCEPT
sudo iptables -I FORWARD -s 172.16.1.0/24 -j ACCEPT

Horizon仪表板安装

# 安装Horizon
sudo apt install openstack-dashboard -y

# 配置Horizon
sudo tee /etc/openstack-dashboard/local_settings.py << EOF
import os
from django.utils.translation import gettext_lazy as _

DEBUG = False
ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['*', 'controller', '192.168.1.10']

SESSION_ENGINE = 'django.contrib.sessions.backends.cache'

CACHES = {
    'default': {
         'BACKEND': 'django.core.cache.backends.memcached.MemcachedCache',
         'LOCATION': 'controller:11211',
    }
}

OPENSTACK_HOST = "controller"
OPENSTACK_KEYSTONE_URL = "http://%s:5000/v3" % OPENSTACK_HOST
OPENSTACK_KEYSTONE_MULTIDOMAIN_SUPPORT = True

OPENSTACK_API_VERSIONS = {
    "identity": 3,
    "image": 2,
    "volume": 3,
}

OPENSTACK_KEYSTONE_DEFAULT_DOMAIN = "Default"
OPENSTACK_KEYSTONE_DEFAULT_ROLE = "member"

WEBROOT = '/dashboard'
LOGIN_URL = WEBROOT + '/auth/login/'
LOGOUT_URL = WEBROOT + '/auth/logout/'

COMPRESS_OFFLINE = True
STATIC_ROOT = '/var/www/dashboard/static'
MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(STATIC_ROOT, 'media')
EOF

# 重启Apache
sudo systemctl restart apache2

验证安装

1. 导入环境变量

# 创建admin-openrc文件
cat > admin-openrc << EOF
export OS_PROJECT_DOMAIN_NAME=Default
export OS_USER_DOMAIN_NAME=Default
export OS_PROJECT_NAME=admin
export OS_USERNAME=admin
export OS_PASSWORD=ADMIN_PASS
export OS_AUTH_URL=http://controller:5000/v3
export OS_IDENTITY_API_VERSION=3
export OS_IMAGE_API_VERSION=2
EOF

# 加载环境变量
source admin-openrc

2. 验证服务

# 验证Keystone
openstack token issue

# 验证Glance
openstack image list

# 验证Nova
openstack compute service list

# 验证Neutron
openstack network agent list

# 验证Cinder
openstack volume service list

常用命令

1. 系统服务管理

# 查看所有服务状态
sudo systemctl status devstack@*

# 重启OpenStack服务
sudo systemctl restart devstack@*

# 查看日志
sudo journalctl -u devstack@* -f

2. 实例管理

# 创建实例
openstack server create --image cirros --flavor m1.tiny --network private my-instance

# 查看实例
openstack server list

# 删除实例
openstack server delete my-instance

故障排除

1. 常见问题

时间不同步: 确保所有节点时间同步，使用NTP服务
网络连通性: 检查防火墙规则和网络配置
数据库连接失败: 检查数据库配置和密码
认证失败: 检查Keystone配置和环境变量

2. 日志位置

Keystone: /var/log/apache2/keystone.log
Glance: /var/log/glance/
Nova: /var/log/nova/
Neutron: /var/log/neutron/
Cinder: /var/log/cinder/

安全加固

1. TLS配置

为OpenStack服务启用TLS加密通信：

# 在Keystone配置中启用HTTPS
sudo a2enmod ssl
sudo a2ensite default-ssl
sudo systemctl restart apache2

2. 防火墙配置

# 配置UFW防火墙
sudo ufw default deny incoming
sudo ufw default allow outgoing

# 允许OpenStack服务端口
sudo ufw allow 22/tcp      # SSH
sudo ufw allow 80/tcp      # HTTP
sudo ufw allow 443/tcp     # HTTPS
sudo ufw allow 5000/tcp    # Keystone
sudo ufw allow 9292/tcp    # Glance
sudo ufw allow 6080:6082/tcp # VNC
sudo ufw allow 5672/tcp    # RabbitMQ
sudo ufw allow 3306/tcp    # MySQL
sudo ufw allow 9696/tcp    # Neutron
sudo ufw allow 8774/tcp    # Nova
sudo ufw allow 8776/tcp    # Cinder

sudo ufw enable

总结

本指南详细介绍了OpenStack Yoga版本的三节点部署方案。通过遵循此文档，您应该能够成功搭建一个功能完整的OpenStack云平台。在生产环境中部署时，请务必根据实际需求调整资源配置、网络规划和安全策略。

后续步骤建议：

配置备份策略
实施监控解决方案
设置高可用性
制定容量规划

注意: 本指南基于Ubuntu 20.04和OpenStack Yoga版本。在不同环境下部署时，可能需要进行相应调整。

声明：本站所有文章，如无特殊说明或标注，均为本站原创发布。任何个人或组织，在未征得本站同意时，禁止复制、盗用、采集、发布本站内容到任何网站、书籍等各类媒体平台。如若本站内容侵犯了原著者的合法权益，可联系我们进行处理。

OpenStack Yoga版三节点集群完整安装指南

概述

架构设计

节点规划

网络规划

环境准备

系统要求

基础环境配置

控制节点安装配置

1. 数据库安装配置

2. 消息队列安装配置

3. Memcached安装配置

4. Keystone身份认证服务安装

5. Glance镜像服务安装

6. Placement服务安装

计算节点安装配置

1. 安装Nova计算服务

2. 安装Neutron网络服务

存储节点安装配置

1. 安装Cinder块存储服务

网络配置

1. 控制节点网络配置

Horizon仪表板安装

验证安装

1. 导入环境变量

2. 验证服务

常用命令

1. 系统服务管理

2. 实例管理

故障排除

1. 常见问题

2. 日志位置

安全加固

1. TLS配置

2. 防火墙配置

总结

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