linux创建软raid

raid常见的几种类型

mdadm命令常见参数

raid0创建

[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -C -v /dev/md1 -l 0 -n 2 /dev/sdb /dev/sdc

mdadm: chunk size defaults to 512K

mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata

mdadm: array /dev/md1 started.
查看阵列信息
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -Ds

ARRAY /dev/md1 metadata=1.2 name=localhost.localdomain:1 UUID=8a35bcc3:9daa9c26:991ca1a6:adb567f3
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md1
 /dev/md1:
         Version : 1.2
   Creation Time : Wed Sep 11 22:41:59 2019
      Raid Level : raid0
      Array Size : 41910272 (39.97 GiB 42.92 GB)
    Raid Devices : 2
   Total Devices : 2
     Persistence : Superblock is persistent
 Update Time : Wed Sep 11 22:41:59 2019       State : clean 
 Active Devices : 2
 Working Devices : 2
  Failed Devices : 0
   Spare Devices : 0
  Chunk Size : 512K        Name : localhost.localdomain:1  (local to host localhost.localdomain)        UUID : 8a35bcc3:9daa9c26:991ca1a6:adb567f3      Events : 0 Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State    0       8       16        0      active sync   /dev/sdb    1       8       32        1      active sync   /dev/sdc
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -Dsv
 ARRAY /dev/md1 level=raid0 num-devices=2 metadata=1.2 name=localhost.localdomain:1 UUID=8a35bcc3:9daa9c26:991ca1a6:adb567f3
    devices=/dev/sdb,/dev/sdc

分区挂载后查看容量

[root@localhost ~]# df -hT|grep md1p1
 /dev/md1p1           xfs     40G   33M   40G   1% /md1

raid1创建

[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -C -v /dev/md2 -l 1 -n 2 -x 1 /dev/sd[d,e,f]
 mdadm: Note: this array has metadata at the start and
     may not be suitable as a boot device.  If you plan to
     store '/boot' on this device please ensure that
     your boot-loader understands md/v1.x metadata, or use
     --metadata=0.90
 mdadm: size set to 20955136K
 Continue creating array? 
 Continue creating array? (y/n) 
 Continue creating array? (y/n) y
 mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata
 mdadm: array /dev/md2 started.

将raid1信息保存到配置文件

[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -Dsv >/etc/mdadm.conf

查看raid阵列信息

[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md2
 /dev/md2:
         Version : 1.2
   Creation Time : Wed Sep 11 22:58:10 2019
      Raid Level : raid1
      Array Size : 20955136 (19.98 GiB 21.46 GB)
   Used Dev Size : 20955136 (19.98 GiB 21.46 GB)
    Raid Devices : 2
   Total Devices : 3
     Persistence : Superblock is persistent
 Update Time : Wed Sep 11 22:59:55 2019       State : clean 
 Active Devices : 2
 Working Devices : 3
  Failed Devices : 0
   Spare Devices : 1
        Name : localhost.localdomain:2  (local to host localhost.localdomain)        UUID : a3387788:b83edf7a:d3199d6a:15732f5d      Events : 17 Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State    0       8       48        0      active sync   /dev/sdd    1       8       64        1      active sync   /dev/sde    2       8       80        -      spare   /dev/sdf

创建分区

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /raid1
 [root@localhost ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/md2
 meta-data=/dev/md2               isize=256    agcount=4, agsize=1309696 blks
          =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=0
 data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=5238784, imaxpct=25
          =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
 naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0
 log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=2560, version=2
          =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
 realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/md2 /raid1
 [root@localhost ~]# df -hT|grep md2
 /dev/md2             xfs     20G   33M   20G   1% /raid1

测试raid1

[root@localhost ~]# touch /raid1/aa.txt
 [root@localhost ~]# ls /raid1/
 aa.txt
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -r /dev/md2 /dev/sdf
 mdadm: hot removed /dev/sdf from /dev/md2
 [root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md2
 /dev/md2:
         Version : 1.2
   Creation Time : Wed Sep 11 22:58:10 2019
      Raid Level : raid1
      Array Size : 20955136 (19.98 GiB 21.46 GB)
   Used Dev Size : 20955136 (19.98 GiB 21.46 GB)
    Raid Devices : 2
   Total Devices : 2
     Persistence : Superblock is persistent
 Update Time : Wed Sep 11 23:08:52 2019       State : clean 
 Active Devices : 2
 Working Devices : 2
  Failed Devices : 0
   Spare Devices : 0
        Name : localhost.localdomain:2  (local to host localhost.localdomain)        UUID : a3387788:b83edf7a:d3199d6a:15732f5d      Events : 18 Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State    0       8       48        0      active sync   /dev/sdd    1       8       64        1      active sync   /dev/sde
[root@localhost ~]# ll /raid1/
 总用量 0
 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 9月  11 23:07 aa.txt

raid5创建

[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -C -v /dev/md5 -l 5 -n 3 -x 1 -c32 /dev/sd{g,h,i,j}
 mdadm: layout defaults to left-symmetric
 mdadm: layout defaults to left-symmetric
 mdadm: size set to 20955136K
 mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata
 mdadm: array /dev/md5 started.
 [root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md5
 /dev/md5:
         Version : 1.2
   Creation Time : Wed Sep 11 23:14:20 2019
      Raid Level : raid5
      Array Size : 41910272 (39.97 GiB 42.92 GB)
   Used Dev Size : 20955136 (19.98 GiB 21.46 GB)
    Raid Devices : 3
   Total Devices : 4
     Persistence : Superblock is persistent
 Update Time : Wed Sep 11 23:14:34 2019       State : clean, degraded, recovering 
 Active Devices : 2
 Working Devices : 4
  Failed Devices : 0
   Spare Devices : 2
      Layout : left-symmetric  Chunk Size : 32K
 Rebuild Status : 13% complete
        Name : localhost.localdomain:5  (local to host localhost.localdomain)        UUID : 745d55ca:b0865062:ef4778a4:11ad4880      Events : 3 Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State    0       8       96        0      active sync   /dev/sdg    1       8      112        1      active sync   /dev/sdh    4       8      128        2      spare rebuilding   /dev/sdi    3       8      144        -      spare   /dev/sdj

停止MD5阵列

[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -Dsv >/etc/mdadm.conf
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -S /dev/md5
 mdadm: stopped /dev/md5[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -S /dev/md5
 mdadm: stopped /dev/md5
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md5
 /dev/md5:
         Version : 
      Raid Level : raid0
   Total Devices : 0
       State : inactive Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice

激活MD5阵列

[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -As
 mdadm: /dev/md5 has been started with 3 drives and 1 spare.
 [root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md5
 /dev/md5:
         Version : 1.2
   Creation Time : Wed Sep 11 23:14:20 2019
      Raid Level : raid5
      Array Size : 41910272 (39.97 GiB 42.92 GB)
   Used Dev Size : 20955136 (19.98 GiB 21.46 GB)
    Raid Devices : 3
   Total Devices : 4
     Persistence : Superblock is persistent
 Update Time : Wed Sep 11 23:16:06 2019       State : clean 
 Active Devices : 3
 Working Devices : 4
  Failed Devices : 0
   Spare Devices : 1
      Layout : left-symmetric  Chunk Size : 32K        Name : localhost.localdomain:5  (local to host localhost.localdomain)        UUID : 745d55ca:b0865062:ef4778a4:11ad4880      Events : 18 Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State    0       8       96        0      active sync   /dev/sdg    1       8      112        1      active sync   /dev/sdh    4       8      128        2      active sync   /dev/sdi    3       8      144        -      spare   /dev/sdj

扩展MD5阵列

[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -G /dev/md5 -n 4 -c 32
 [root@localhost ~]# mdadm -Dsv >/etc/mdadm.conf
 [root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md5
 /dev/md5:
         Version : 1.2
   Creation Time : Wed Sep 11 23:14:20 2019
      Raid Level : raid5
      Array Size : 41910272 (39.97 GiB 42.92 GB)
   Used Dev Size : 20955136 (19.98 GiB 21.46 GB)
    Raid Devices : 4
   Total Devices : 4
     Persistence : Superblock is persistent
 Update Time : Wed Sep 11 23:21:58 2019       State : clean, reshaping 
 Active Devices : 4
 Working Devices : 4
  Failed Devices : 0
   Spare Devices : 0
      Layout : left-symmetric  Chunk Size : 32K
 Reshape Status : 5% complete   //等到100%
   Delta Devices : 1, (3->4)
        Name : localhost.localdomain:5  (local to host localhost.localdomain)        UUID : 745d55ca:b0865062:ef4778a4:11ad4880      Events : 46 Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State    0       8       96        0      active sync   /dev/sdg    1       8      112        1      active sync   /dev/sdh    4       8      128        2      active sync   /dev/sdi    3       8      144        3      active sync   /dev/sdj
 [root@localhost ~]# 

raid5只能增加磁盘,不能减少磁盘

raid10创建

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l|grep sdk
 Disk /dev/sdk: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
 /dev/sdk1               1         132     1060258+  83  Linux
 /dev/sdk2             133         264     1060290   83  Linux
 /dev/sdk3             265         396     1060290   83  Linux
 /dev/sdk4             397         528     1060290   83  Linux
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -C -v /dev/md10 -l 10 -n 4 /dev/sdk[1-4]
 mdadm: layout defaults to n2
 mdadm: layout defaults to n2
 mdadm: chunk size defaults to 512K
 mdadm: size set to 1058816K
 mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata
 mdadm: array /dev/md10 started.
 [root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat 
 Personalities : [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10] 
 md10 : active raid10 sdk4[3] sdk3[2] sdk2[1] sdk1[0]
       2117632 blocks super 1.2 512K chunks 2 near-copies [4/4] [UUUU]
       [===========>………]  resync = 56.6% (1200000/2117632) finish=0.0min speed=240000K/sec
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -Dsv /dev/md10
 ARRAY /dev/md10 level=raid10 num-devices=4 metadata=1.2 name=localhost.localdomain:10 UUID=0d613d8b:3eef99ac:6eb16db6:1231d1ee
    devices=/dev/sdk1,/dev/sdk2,/dev/sdk3,/dev/sdk4

删除raid

 [root@localhost ~]# umount /dev/md0 /raid0   #如果你已经挂载raid,就先卸载。
[root@ localhost  ~]# mdadm  -Ss               #停止raid设备
[root@ localhost  ~]# rm -rf /etc/mdadm.conf     #删除raid配置文件
[root@ localhost  ~]#  mdadm  --zero-superblock /dev/sdb  #清除物理磁盘中的raid标识  
[root@ localhost  ~]#  mdadm  --zero-superblock /dev/sdc  #清除物理磁盘中的raid标识  
参数:--zero-superblock :  erase the MD superblock from a device.   #擦除设备中的MD超级块 

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