Cinder块存储服务详解：从原理到生产实践

一、Cinder概述

1.1 Cinder是什么？

Cinder是OpenStack的块存储服务，为虚拟机提供持久化存储卷。Cinder通过快照、备份和克隆功能提供完整的数据保护方案。

Cinder的核心功能：

• 存储卷生命周期管理
• 存储卷快照和备份
• 存储卷类型和QoS
• 多后端存储支持
• 存储卷扩展

二、Cinder核心概念

2.1 Volume（存储卷）

# 创建存储卷
openstack volume create --size 20 --type lvm my-volume

# 查看存储卷列表
openstack volume list

# 查看存储卷详情
openstack volume show my-volume

# 扩展存储卷
openstack volume extend my-volume 30

# 挂载到虚拟机
openstack server attach volume my-instance my-volume

# 从虚拟机卸载
openstack server detach volume my-instance my-volume

# 删除存储卷
openstack volume delete my-volume

2.2 Volume Type（存储卷类型）

# 创建存储卷类型
openstack volume type create ssd --description "SSD Storage"

# 查看卷类型列表
openstack volume type list

# 设置卷类型QoS
openstack volume qos create high-iops   read_iops_sec=10000 write_iops_sec=5000

# 关联QoS到卷类型
openstack volume qos associate high-iops ssd

# 创建卷时指定类型
openstack volume create --size 100 --type ssd my-ssd-volume

2.3 Snapshot（快照）

# 创建快照
openstack volume snapshot create --volume my-volume my-snapshot

# 查看快照列表
openstack volume snapshot list

# 使用快照创建新卷
openstack volume create --snapshot my-snapshot restored-volume

# 删除快照
openstack volume snapshot delete my-snapshot

2.4 Backup（备份）

# 创建备份
openstack volume backup create --name my-backup my-volume

# 查看备份列表
openstack volume backup list

# 增量备份
openstack volume backup create --name incremental-backup   --incremental my-volume

# 从备份恢复
openstack volume backup restore my-backup restored-volume

# 删除备份
openstack volume backup delete my-backup

三、Cinder配置文件

# /etc/cinder/cinder.conf

[DEFAULT]
volume_driver = cinder.volume.drivers.lvm.LVMVolumeDriver
volume_group = cinder-volumes
enabled_backends = lvm,ceph,nfs

iscsi_helper = tgtadm
iscsi_ip_address = controller
iscsi_port = 3260

[database]
connection = mysql+pymysql://cinder:cinder_db_pass@controller/cinder

[lvm]
volume_driver = cinder.volume.drivers.lvm.LVMVolumeDriver
volume_group = cinder-volumes
target_helper = tgtadm

[ceph]
volume_driver = cinder.volume.drivers.rbd.RBDDriver
rbd_pool = volumes
rbd_ceph_conf = /etc/ceph/ceph.conf
rbd_flatten_volume_from_snapshot = False
rbd_max_clone_depth = 5
rbd_store_chunk_size = 4
rados_connect_timeout = -1

[nfs]
volume_driver = cinder.volume.drivers.nfs.NfsDriver
nfs_shares_config = /etc/cinder/nfs_shares
nfs_mount_point_base = $state_path/mnt

四、多后端存储配置

# /etc/cinder/cinder.conf

[DEFAULT]
enabled_backends = lvm,ceph,nfs

[lvm]
volume_driver = cinder.volume.drivers.lvm.LVMVolumeDriver
volume_group = cinder-volumes
volume_backend_name = lvm-backend

[ceph]
volume_driver = cinder.volume.drivers.rbd.RBDDriver
rbd_pool = volumes
rbd_ceph_conf = /etc/ceph/ceph.conf
volume_backend_name = ceph-backend

[nfs]
volume_driver = cinder.volume.drivers.nfs.NfsDriver
nfs_shares = /mnt/nfs1
volume_backend_name = nfs-backend

五、常见问题与解决方案

# 检查Cinder服务
openstack volume service list

# 查看Cinder日志
tail -f /var/log/cinder/cinder-api.log
tail -f /var/log/cinder/cinder-volume.log

# 检查存储后端
cinder service-list

# 检查LVM状态
sudo vgs
sudo lvs

六、生产最佳实践

1. 使用Ceph作为后端存储 2. 配置多副本 3. 启用存储QoS 4. 定期备份 5. 监控存储性能

七、总结

本文介绍了Cinder块存储服务的核心概念和配置方法。

下篇预告： 《Swift对象存储服务详解》

cnbugsai

打赏 海报 链接