Jenkins入门教程（十八）：Jenkins与Kubernetes集成
Kubernetes已成为容器编排的事实标准，本文将详细介绍如何将Jenkins与Kubernetes集成，包括完整的配置步骤和Pipeline示例。
部署Jenkins到Kubernetes
使用Helm快速部署Jenkins到Kubernetes集群：
# 添加Jenkins Helm仓库
helm repo add jenkins https://charts.jenkins.io
helm repo update
# 创建命名空间
kubectl create namespace jenkins
# 创建values.yaml
cat > jenkins-values.yaml << 'EOF'
controller:
adminUser: admin
adminPassword: "your-secure-password"
serviceType: LoadBalancer
installPlugins:
- kubernetes:latest
- workflow-aggregator:latest
- git:latest
- docker-workflow:latest
resources:
requests:
cpu: "500m"
memory: "1Gi"
limits:
cpu: "2"
memory: "4Gi"
persistence:
enabled: true
size: 50Gi
agent:
enabled: true
podTemplates:
maven: |
- name: maven
label: maven
containers:
- name: maven
image: maven:3.8-openjdk-17
command: sleep
args: infinity
EOF
# 安装Jenkins
helm install jenkins jenkins/jenkins -n jenkins -f jenkins-values.yaml执行结果：
$ helm install jenkins jenkins/jenkins -n jenkins -f jenkins-values.yaml
NAME: jenkins
LAST DEPLOYED: Sat Feb 8 12:00:00 2026
NAMESPACE: jenkins
STATUS: deployed
NOTES:
1. Get your 'admin' user password by running:
kubectl exec -it svc/jenkins -n jenkins -- /bin/cat /run/secrets/additional/chart-admin-password && echo
2. Get the Jenkins URL to visit:
kubectl get svc -n jenkins
$ kubectl get pods -n jenkins
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
jenkins-0 2/2 Running 0 5m配置Kubernetes云
在Jenkins中配置Kubernetes作为云提供者：
- 进入系统管理 > 节点管理 > 配置云 > 添加云 > Kubernetes
- 配置以下参数：
名称: kubernetes
Kubernetes URL: https://kubernetes.default.svc
Kubernetes命名空间: jenkins
Jenkins URL: http://jenkins.jenkins.svc.cluster.local:8080
Jenkins通道: jenkins.jenkins.svc.cluster.local:50000动态Pod Agent
使用Kubernetes插件动态创建Pod作为构建Agent：
pipeline {
agent {
kubernetes {
yaml '''
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
labels:
app: jenkins-agent
spec:
containers:
- name: jnlp
image: jenkins/inbound-agent:latest
resources:
requests:
memory: "256Mi"
cpu: "100m"
- name: maven
image: maven:3.8-openjdk-17
command:
- sleep
args:
- infinity
volumeMounts:
- name: maven-cache
mountPath: /root/.m2
- name: docker
image: docker:24-cli
command:
- sleep
args:
- infinity
volumeMounts:
- name: docker-sock
mountPath: /var/run/docker.sock
volumes:
- name: maven-cache
persistentVolumeClaim:
claimName: maven-cache-pvc
- name: docker-sock
hostPath:
path: /var/run/docker.sock
'''
}
}
stages {
stage('Check Pod Info') {
steps {
sh '''
echo "Pod Name: $HOSTNAME"
echo "Node Name: $NODE_NAME"
'''
}
}
stage('Build with Maven') {
steps {
container('maven') {
sh '''
echo "=== Maven Version ==="
mvn -version
echo "=== Building ==="
mvn clean package -DskipTests
'''
}
}
}
stage('Build Docker Image') {
steps {
container('docker') {
sh '''
echo "=== Docker Version ==="
docker version
echo "=== Building Image ==="
docker build -t myapp:${BUILD_NUMBER} .
'''
}
}
}
}
}执行结果示例
[Pipeline] podTemplate
[Pipeline] {
[Pipeline] node
Created Pod: jenkins/my-pipeline-1-abc123-xyz789
[Normal] Scheduled: Successfully assigned jenkins/my-pipeline-1-abc123-xyz789 to node-01
[Normal] Pulling: Pulling image "maven:3.8-openjdk-17"
[Normal] Pulled: Successfully pulled image in 5.2s
[Normal] Created: Created container maven
[Normal] Started: Started container maven
Agent my-pipeline-1-abc123-xyz789 is provisioned from template my-pipeline-1
[Pipeline] {
[Pipeline] stage
[Pipeline] { (Check Pod Info)
[Pipeline] sh
+ echo 'Pod Name: my-pipeline-1-abc123-xyz789'
Pod Name: my-pipeline-1-abc123-xyz789
+ echo 'Node Name: node-01'
Node Name: node-01
[Pipeline] stage
[Pipeline] { (Build with Maven)
[Pipeline] container
[Pipeline] {
[Pipeline] sh
+ echo '=== Maven Version ==='
=== Maven Version ===
+ mvn -version
Apache Maven 3.8.7
Maven home: /usr/share/maven
Java version: 17.0.9部署应用到Kubernetes
pipeline {
agent {
kubernetes {
yaml '''
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
spec:
containers:
- name: kubectl
image: bitnami/kubectl:latest
command: ["sleep", "infinity"]
'''
}
}
environment {
KUBECONFIG = credentials('kubeconfig-prod')
}
stages {
stage('Deploy') {
steps {
container('kubectl') {
sh '''
echo "Deploying to Kubernetes..."
# 更新镜像版本
kubectl set image deployment/myapp \
myapp=registry.example.com/myapp:${BUILD_NUMBER} \
-n production
# 等待部署完成
kubectl rollout status deployment/myapp -n production --timeout=300s
# 显示部署状态
kubectl get pods -n production -l app=myapp
'''
}
}
}
stage('Verify') {
steps {
container('kubectl') {
sh '''
echo "Verifying deployment..."
# 检查Pod状态
kubectl get pods -n production -l app=myapp -o wide
# 检查服务
kubectl get svc -n production -l app=myapp
'''
}
}
}
}
}完整CI/CD示例
pipeline {
agent {
kubernetes {
yaml '''
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
spec:
containers:
- name: maven
image: maven:3.8-openjdk-17
command: ["sleep", "infinity"]
- name: kaniko
image: gcr.io/kaniko-project/executor:debug
command: ["sleep", "infinity"]
volumeMounts:
- name: docker-config
mountPath: /kaniko/.docker
- name: kubectl
image: bitnami/kubectl:latest
command: ["sleep", "infinity"]
volumes:
- name: docker-config
secret:
secretName: docker-registry-creds
'''
}
}
environment {
REGISTRY = 'registry.example.com'
IMAGE_NAME = 'myapp'
}
stages {
stage('Build') {
steps {
container('maven') {
sh 'mvn clean package -DskipTests'
}
}
}
stage('Test') {
steps {
container('maven') {
sh 'mvn test'
}
}
}
stage('Build Image') {
steps {
container('kaniko') {
sh '''
/kaniko/executor \
--context=dir://. \
--destination=${REGISTRY}/${IMAGE_NAME}:${BUILD_NUMBER} \
--destination=${REGISTRY}/${IMAGE_NAME}:latest
'''
}
}
}
stage('Deploy') {
when {
branch 'main'
}
steps {
container('kubectl') {
sh '''
kubectl set image deployment/${IMAGE_NAME} \
${IMAGE_NAME}=${REGISTRY}/${IMAGE_NAME}:${BUILD_NUMBER} \
-n production
kubectl rollout status deployment/${IMAGE_NAME} -n production
'''
}
}
}
}
}资源管理
为Pod配置资源限制，避免构建任务消耗过多资源：
containers:
- name: maven
image: maven:3.8-openjdk-17
resources:
requests:
memory: "512Mi"
cpu: "250m"
limits:
memory: "2Gi"
cpu: "1"总结
本文详细介绍了Jenkins与Kubernetes的集成，包括部署Jenkins到K8s、配置动态Pod Agent、部署应用等完整流程。云原生环境下，这种集成是CI/CD的最佳实践。
下一篇我们将学习Jenkins的性能优化与监控。
声明：本站所有文章，如无特殊说明或标注，均为本站原创发布。任何个人或组织，在未征得本站同意时，禁止复制、盗用、采集、发布本站内容到任何网站、书籍等各类媒体平台。如若本站内容侵犯了原著者的合法权益，可联系我们进行处理。
